Which Is The Best! F-22 Raptor Vs T-50 PAK FA

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C-17 Globemaster III Carrying AH-64 Apache Helicopter

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F-22 Raptor Flown UsingSsynthetic Bio-fuel

Just like Toyota is developing technology to face the challenges of finding renewable energy sources with its Prius, the aerospace industry is making its own efforts. These efforts are now no more limited to deliver a greener aviation industry in terms of passenger airliner. On 18th March 2011, an F-22 Raptor successfully flew at supercruise on a 50/50 fuel blend of conventional petroleum-based JP-8 and biofuel derived from camelina, a weed-like plant not used for food.

Ultimately the U.S Air Force selected theF-22 weapons system to be the biofuel blend flight test pathfinder for all fighter aircrafts and the flight was the capstone of a series of ground and flight test events conducted by the 411th Flight Test Squadron at Edwards Air Force Base.

The overall test objective on a single-seat, twin-engine fifth-generation super maneuverable fighter aircraft was to evaluate biofuel fuel blend suitability in the F-22 weapons system and testing consisted of air starts, operability, and performance at different speeds and altitudes throughout the flight envelope. It also performed several maneuvers including a supercruise at 40,000 ft., reaching speeds of 1.5 Mach.

In terms of economic benefits to reduce aviation fuel cost the overall flight was a success and another milestone was completed for the Alternative Fuels Certification Division. In support to the United States’ Air Force’s 2016 acquisition goal to cost-competitively which acquire 50 percent of the domestic aviation fuel requirement via alternative fuel blends in which the component is derived from domestic sources and produced in a manner that is ‘greener’ than fuels produced from conventional petroleum.

Studies have shown camelina-based jet fuel to reduce carbon emissions from jets by about 80%. The camelina-derived synthetic fuel falls into a class of hydroprocessed blended biofuels known as hydrotreated renewable jet fuels, or HRJs. The HRJ fuel can be derived from a variety of plant oil and animal fat feedstocks. Previously the United States Navy chose camelina as the feedstock for their first test of aviation biofuel, and successfully operated a static General Electric F414 engine, which is the engine for the Boeing F/A-18.

In February Air Force officials certified the entire C-17 Globemaster III fleet for unrestricted flight operations using the HRJ biofuel blend. We are still to see whether the U.S Air Force will implement bio-fuels in their fifth generation fighters.

Northrop Grumman Demonstrates Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Air-to-Air Refueling

On Jan. 21, 2011, the most well known three aircraft centers of the world, Northrop Grumman Corporation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) and NASA, Dryden Flight Research Center, demonstrated autonomous aerial refueling between two unmanned flights, on a very high altitude aircraft platforms. This kind of operation never before performed in the history of defence aviation.

Northrop Grumman’s Proteus test aircraft (Proteus is a tandem-wing high-endurance aircraft designed by Burt Rutan to investigate the use of aircraft as high altitude telecommunications relays), and a NASA Global Hawk (Global Hawk [known as Tier II+ during development] is an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) used by the United States Air Force and Navy as a surveillance aircraft.) have set a new industry record by flying as close as 40 feet apart at an altitude of 45,000 feet.(NB:The Proteus is actually a multi-mission vehicle, able to carry various payloads on a ventral pylon. An extremely efficient design,the Proteus can orbit a point at over 65,000 feet (19,800 m) for more than 18 hours. It is currently owned by Northrop Grumman.

The basic purpose of the test was that high altitude environment was required for refueling of high altitude long endurance as it is the unmanned aircraft system of USA. Along with that they also examined the performance and flight control responsiveness of the Aircraft. As a result of the test is that the Global Hawks are able to do the autonomous aerial refueling. This test has brought forth the spring of 2012 in the world.

While speaking at at Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems sector, Geoffery Sommer said,”Demonstrating close formation flight of two high altitude aircraft, whether manned or unmanned, is a notable accomplishment,” further he said, “When you add autonomous flight of both aircraft into the mix, as we will do later in the KQ-X program, you gain a capability that has mission applications far beyond just aerial refueling.” (NB:KQ-X is a $33 million DARPA program awarded to Northrop Grumman Corporation on July 1, 2010. KQ-X will investigate and develop Autonomous Aerial Refueling techniques using two NASA Global Hawk high altitude long endurance [HALE] unmanned aerial vehicles [UAV]). The $33 million DARPA KQ-X program will demonstrate autonomous fuel transfer between two Global Hawks, enabling flights of up to one week endurance.

Actually KQ-X is a follow-on to a 2006 DARPA Autonomous Aerial Refueling Demonstration (AARD).It is an effort made along with NASA Dryden, which used an F-18 fighter jet as a surrogate unmanned aircraft to autonomously refuel through a probe and drogue from 707 tanker. Frame Representation Language(FRL), realized that their looped-hose system left a lot to be desired and began work on an improved system that is now commonly called the probe-and-drogue air-to-air refueling system and today is one of the two systems chosen by air forces for air-to-air refueling, the other being the flying-boom system.Modern specialized tanker aircraft have equipment specially designed for the task of offloading fuel to the receiver aircraft, based on drogue and probe, even at the higher speeds modern jet aircraft typically need to remain airborne. And finally Northrop Grumman supports the operation of the two Global Hawks used in the KQ-X program under the terms of a Space Act Agreement with its NASA Dryden partner and is responsible for all engineering design, as well as modification of both aircraft.

Former SecDef Perry: US on 'Brink' of New Nuclear Arms Race

The US is on the “brink” of kicking off a new nuclear arms race that will elevate the risk of nuclear apocalypse to Cold War levels, former Secretary of Defense William Perry warned Thursday.

An unarmed Minuteman III ICBM shoots out of the silo during an operational test launch in 2012 at Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif.

Perry also called for the breaking of the nuclear triad by dismantling the intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) stockpile.

“We’re now at the precipice, maybe I should say the brink, of a new nuclear arms race,” Perry said at an event hosted by the Defense Writer’s Group. “This arms race will be at least as expensive as the arms race we had during the Cold War, which is a lot of money.”

The Pentagon is starting a major overhaul of its nuclear triad, made up of bomber, submarine and ICBM nuclear options. The Air Force is starting work on its Long Range Strike-Bomber (LRS-B) program, a conventional bomber that later could be nuclear-certified; it is also planning a new version of the ICBM. Meanwhile, the Navy is figuring out funding plans for the Ohio-class submarine nuclear replacement program.

In an August assessment, the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments projects that it will cost more than $700 billion over the next 25 years to recapitalize the nuclear triad.

Speaking on Wednesday, Pentagon acquisition chief Frank Kendall indicated the nuclear modernization programs would be protected in the fiscal 2017 budget and remain a priority for the department going forward.

To Perry, who served in a number of Pentagon positions before becoming the 19th US secretary of defense under President Bill Clinton, spending that money is foolish when the US is both short of cash for other programs and capable of a robust nuclear deterrence already.

The risk of nuclear war is exacerbated by the dismantling of the relationship between Russia and the US that had been formed after the fall of the Soviet Union. Without clear military-to-military communication between those two nations, the risk of an accidental conflict increases.

“Today, probably I would not have said this 10 years ago, but today we now face the kind of dangers of a nuclear event like we had during the Cold War, an accidental war,” he said.

“I see an imperative,” Perry added, “to stop this damn nuclear arms race from accelerating again.”

The greatest source of that danger, to Perry’s mind, are the ICBMs, which he said are simply too easy to launch on bad information and would be the most likely source of an accidental nuclear war. He referred to the ICBM as “destabilizing” in that it invites an attack from another power.

Because of that, he said, the US should look to break the nuclear triad and go down to a force of simply bombers and submarines – a major change in strategic posture, and one he openly acknowledged isn’t likely to happen due to US domestic politics.

ICBMs “aren’t necessary … they’re not needed. Any reasonable definition of deterrence will not require that third leg,” Perry concluded.

Perry did note that he supported the LRS-B and submarine programs as they can service non-nuclear missions as well.