Japanese Reply To Chinese J-20 Stealth Fighter | Mitshubishi X-2 Maiden Flight

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SS Soryu Class Submarines, Japan

The Soryu Class diesel-electric submarines are being built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). Soryu Class is an improved version of the Oyashio Class submarine.

Soryu Class submarine is an improved version of the Oyashio Class submarine.

The keel for the first submarine in the class, Soryu (SS-501), was laid down in March 2005. It was launched in December 2007 and commissioned in March 2009. Unryu (SS-502) was laid down in March 2006, launched in October 2008 and commissioned in March 2010.

Hakuryu was laid down in February 2007 and launched in October 2009 for commissioning in March 2011. The fourth and fifth submarines under construction are scheduled to be commissioned in 2012 and 2013 respectively.

The diesel-electric propulsion system provides a maximum speed of 20kt.

The class is also referred to as the SS 2,900t and the 16SS project. Soryu and Unryu have been named after the World War II aircraft carriers. Soryu was one of the carriers that participated in the Pearl Harbour attack. Both submarines are home-ported at Kure and operated by Subron 5, S-flotilla-1 of the JMSDF.

Soryu Class design and features

The Soryu Class carries a hydrodynamic design based on the Oyashio class submarine. It has a larger displacement than any other submarine class in JMSDF's service. The hull form is made of high tensile steel and is covered with anechoic coating to reduce the reflection of acoustic waves. Interiors of the submarine boast acoustic isolation of loud components. The submarine features computer-aided X control planes. The design incorporates highly automated systems.

The submarine is equipped with Stirling engines for increased propulsion performance and underwater endurance. The engine supports superior submerged operations. The high-performance sonar onboard improves surveillance capabilities. The submarine also features stealth capabilities and enhanced safety measures such as snorkel equipment.

The submarine has an overall length of 84m, beam of 9.1m and depth of 10.3m. The normal draft of the sub is 8.4m. It has a surfaced displacement of 2,950t and submerged displacement of 4,200t. The Soryu Class can complement a crew of 65 including nine officers and 56 enlisted members. The submarine can sail at a surfaced speed of 13kt and submerged speed of 20kt. It has a maximum range of 6,100nm at 6.5kt speed. 

 

Weapon systems

The Soryu Class is fitted with six HU-606 533mm torpedo tubes for Type 89 torpedoes and UGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles. The Harpoon has a range of over 124km and speed of 864km/h.

Type 89 is a wire-guided torpedo with active and passive homing modes. It has a maximum speed of 130km/h and can engage targets within the range of 50km. The torpedo can carry a warhead of 267kg.

Sensors / radars

The submarine is equipped with a ZPS-6F navigation or surface search radar. The sonar suite integrates four low frequency flank arrays, a bow-array and a towed array sonar.

Countermeasures

Soryu features ZLR-3-6 electronic support measures (ESM) systems. There are two 3in underwater countermeasure launcher tubes installed for launching acoustic device countermeasures (ADCs). 

The Soryu Class submarine can be armed with UGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles.

Propulsion

Soryu is powered by a diesel-electric propulsion system. Two Kawasaki 12V 25/25 SB-type diesel engines and four Kawasaki Kockums V4-275R Stirling engines provide a total power output of 2,900kW surfaced and 6,000kW submerged. 

Soryu is the first submarine of the JMSDF to be equipped with Stirling engines manufactured by Sweden-based Kockums.

Stirling is a silent and vibration-free external combustion engine. The Kockums Stirling air independent propulsion system onboard reduces the need for frequent battery charging surfaced and thus increases the submerged endurance of the submarine.

The electric propulsion motor drives a propeller through a single shaft. The submarine is also fitted with an X rudder to provide high manoeuvrability to the submarine when operating very close to the seabed. This X rudder configuration was initially developed by Kockums for the Swedish Gotland class. The propulsion system provides a maximum speed of 20kt. 

 

Source: Naval Technology

Mitsubishi A6M Zero - Was A Fury

Mitsubishi A6M3 Zero Model 22 (NX712Z), recovered from New Guinea in 1991 and used in the film Pearl Harbor

The Mitsubishi A6M Zero was a long-range fighter aircraft operated by the IJN (Imperial Japanese Navy) from 1940 to 1945. The A6M was designated as the Mitsubishi Navy Type 0 Carrier Fighter (零式艦上戦闘機 rei-shiki-kanjou-sentouk), and also designated as the Mitsubishi A6M Rei-sen and Mitsubishi Navy 12-shi Carrier Fighter. 

The A6M was usually referred to by the Allies as the "Zero", from 1940 the year in which the aircraft entered service with the Imperial Navy. The official Allied reporting name was "Zeke". When it was introduced early in World War II, the Zero was considered the most capable carrier-based fighter in the world, combining excellent maneuverability and very long range. 

In early combat operations, the Zero gained a legendary reputation as a dogfighter, achieving the outstanding kill ratio of 12 to 1, but by mid-1942 a combination of new tactics and the introduction of better equipment enabled the Allied pilots to engage the Zero on more equal terms.The IJNAS also frequently used the type as a land-based fighter. 

Divergence of trajectories between 7.7 mm and 20mm ammunition

By 1943, inherent design weaknesses and the failure to develop more powerful aircraft engines meant that the Zero became less effective against newer enemy fighters that possessed greater firepower, armor, and speed, and approached the Zero's maneuverability. Although the Mitsubishi A6M was outdated by 1944, it was never totally supplanted by the newer Japanese aircraft types. During the final years of the War in the Pacific, the Zero was used in kamikaze operations. In the course of the war, more Zeros were built than any other Japanese aircraft.

Cockpit (starboard console) of a damaged A6M2 which crashed during the raid on Pearl Harbor into Building 52 at Fort Kamehameha, Oahu, during the 7 December 1941 raid on Pearl Harbor. The pilot, who was killed, was NAP1/c Takeshi Hirano; aircraft's tail code was "AI-154".

A6M3 Model 22, flown by Japanese Ace Hiroyoshi Nishizawa over the Solomon Islands, 1943

A6M3 Model 32.

Mitsubishi A6M3 Zero wreck abandoned at Munda Airfield, Central Solomons, 1943

Carrier A6M2 and A6M3 Zeros from the aircraft carrier Zuikaku preparing for a mission at Rabaul

Mitsubishi A6M5 Model 52s abandoned by the Japanese at the end of the war (Atsugi Naval air base) and captured by US forces

Mitsubishi A6M "Rei Sen" (Zeke) captured in flying condition and test flown by U.S. airmen

A6M taking off during Battle of Santa Cruz Islands (1942)

The Akutan Zero is inspected by US military personnel on Akutan Island on 11 July 1942.

A6M2 "Zero" Model 21 (front) on Shokaku. (Shokaku distinguishable from the white band on the fuselage just ahead of the tail) to attack Pearl Harbor during the morning of 7 December 1941. This is probably the launch of the second attack wave. The original photograph was captured on Attu in 1943

Cockpit of an A6M5 Zero Imperial War Museum

A6M2 Zero photo c. 2004

A6M2 Model 21 on display at the Pacific Aviation Museum, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This aircraft was made airworthy in the early 1980s before it was grounded in 2002.

A6M5 on display at the National Air and Space Museum

Mitsubishi A6M2 "Zero" Model 21 on the flight deck of carrier Shokaku, 26 October 1942, Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands

Mitsubishi A6M2 "Zero" Model 21 takes off from the aircraft carrier Akagi, to attack Pearl Harbor.

MITSUBISHI F-1

Mitsubishi F-1

Role: multi-role light fighter, maritime attack
Builder: Mitsubishi
Variants: F-1
Operators: Japan 

Mitsubishi F-1 is a single-seat attack aircraft with secondary air-to-air capability. The F-1 is a deritive from the T-2 trainer which is based on the SEPECAT Jaguar design. The space where the rear cockpit used to be in the T-2 design is used for additional avionics and fuel in the F-1 design. Its primary task in the Japanese Self Defense Force is anti-shipping with the 50km range ASM-1 anti-ship missile as its primary weapon. It is equipped with the J/AWG-12 radar which has two operating modes, air-to-air and air-to-surface, and is compatible with the ASM-1 missile. It has an air-to-air capability using the AIM-9 IR seeking missile, but because of its short range this capability is only limited.

History

 

The Mitsubishi T-2 supersonic two-seat advanced trainer was developed in the late 1960s, early 1970s to help the pilots' transition from the F-104J to the F-4EJ. The prototype for the T-2 (XT-2) was first flown on 20 July 1971. The succes of the T-2 design led to the development of a single-seat attack derivative with a counter-air capability. Two T-2s were converted to a single-seat fighter variant and redesignated FST-2. The first flight of this prototype took place on 3 June 1975. 

In April 1978 the first F-1 entered JASDF (Japanese Self Defense Force) service. A total of 77 aircraft were built. During the period 1990-1993 the aircraft were upgraded. The F-1 is now scheduled to be replaced by the F-2, which is the Japanese version of the
F-16 Fighting Falcon. 

The F-1 was the first combat turbojet powered aircraft developed by Japan since World War II. 

Specification Mitsubishi F-1

Powerplant: two 32.49 kN (7,305 lb st) Ishikawajima-Harisma TF40-IHI-801 (license built Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca Adour Mk 801A) afterburning turbofans 

Dimensions: length 17.86m (58 ft 7 in); height 4.39m (14 ft 5 in); wing span 7.88m (25 ft 10¼ in)

Weights: empty, equipped 6358 kg (14,017 lb); Max Take-Off Weight 13.700 kg (30,203 lb)

Performance: max level speed 'clean' at 10.975m (36,000 ft) Mach 1.6 or 1700 km/h (1056 mph); service ceiling 15240m (50,000 ft)

Armament: one JM61 Vulcan 20mm multi-barrel cannon with 750 rounds; up tp 2721 kg (6,000 lb) of ordnance, including ASM-1 anti-ship missiles, free fall bombs, JLAU-3A 70mm rockets, RL-7 70mm rockets, RL-4 125mm rockets, AIM-9L AAMs, and/or two auxiliary fuel tanks carried on five external hardpoints. 

Mitsubishi ATD-X

ATD-X Shinshin

Mitsubishi ATD-X as of 2007

Role: Stealth experimental aircraft

National origin: Japan

Manufacturer: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

First flight: 2014 (projected)

Status: Under development

Primary user: Japan Air Self-Defense Force


The Mitsubishi ATD-X Shinshin is a prototype fifth-generation jet fighter that uses advanced stealth technology. It is being developed by the Japanese Ministry of Defense Technical Research and Development Institute (TRDI) for research purposes. The main contractor of the project is Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. Many consider this aircraft to be Japan's first domestically made stealth fighter. ATD-X is an acronym meaning "Advanced Technology Demonstrator – X". The aircraft's Japanese name is Shinshin (心神?, literally "mind"). The aircraft's first flight is scheduled for 2014.

Development

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, Japan, seeking to replace its aging fleet of fighter aircraft, began making overtures to the United States on the topic of purchasing several Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor fighters for their own forces. However the U.S. Congress had banned the exporting of the aircraft in order to safeguard secrets of the aircraft's technology such as its extensive use of stealth; this rejection necessitated Japan to develop its own modern fighter, to be equipped with stealth features and other advanced systems.

A mock-up of the ATD-X was constructed and used to study the radar cross section in France in 2005. A radio-controlled 1/5 scale model made its first flight in 2006 to gain data on performance at high angles of attack and to test new sensory equipment and self-repairing flight control systems.

Following these preliminary steps, the decision was taken in 2007 to push ahead with the multi billion-yen project. At the time of this decision, production was forecast to start roughly 10 years later, around 2017. In 2007, the ATD-X was expected to conduct its maiden flight in 2014. In 2011, the maiden flight is to take place in 2014 or 2015.

The ATD-X program will then lead to a F-3 fighter to be produced in 2027.
Design

Mitsubishi ATD-X

The ATD-X will be used as a technology demonstrator and research prototype to determine whether domestic advanced technologies for a fifth generation fighter aircraft are viable, and is a 1/3 size model of a possible full-production aircraft.The aircraft also features 3D thrust vectoring capability. Thrust is controlled in the ATD-X by the use of 3 paddles on each engine nozzle similar to the system used on the Rockwell X-31, while an axis-symmetric thrust vectoring engine is also being developed for the full scale production model.The nozzles on the prototype appear to be uncovered and might have a slight adverse effect on the aircraft's stealth characteristics.

Among the features the ATD-X is to have is a fly-by-optics flight control system, which by substituting optical fibers for wires, allows data to be transferred faster and with immunity to electromagnetic disturbance.

Its radar will be an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar called the 'Multifunction RF Sensor', which is intended to have broad spectrum agility, capabilities for electronic countermeasures (ECM), electronic support measures (ESM), communications functions, and possibly even microwave weapon functions.

A further feature will be a so-called 'Self Repairing Flight Control Capability' (自己修復飛行制御機能?), which will allow the aircraft to automatically detect failures or damage in its flight control surfaces, and using the remaining control surfaces, calibrate accordingly to retain controlled flight.

The JASDF is reported to have issued a request for information for engines in the 10 to 20 thousand pound thrust range to power the prototypes while Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries is to provide the engines for the completed fighter.
Specifications (ATD-X)


Data from Miyakawa et al, 2008

General characteristics
Crew: 1
Length: 14.174 meters (46.50 feet)
Wingspan: 9.099 meters (29.85 feet)
Height: 4.514 meters (14.80 feet)
Max. takeoff weight: 13 tonnes (28,659 pounds)
Powerplant: 2 × IHI XF5-1 turbofans
Dry thrust: 10 tonnes (22,046 pounds) each
Thrust with afterburner: 15 tonnes (33,069 pounds) each

Performance
Maximum speed: Mach 2+